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Leon Jay "Lee" Schipper (April 7, 1947 – August 16, 2011) was an energy efficiency expert and international environmentalist who devoted his life to understanding societal, infrastructural and technological challenges to energy efficiency, particularly in the heating and transport sectors. Lee Schipper attended the University of California at Berkeley in September 1964, studying Physics and Music. He completed his double-major B.A. in 1968, moving straight into his PhD in Astrophysics in the Physics Department. He completed his PhD in 1985. At the time of his death, Schipper was a senior research scientist at both (University of California Berkeley’s Global Metropolitan Studies ) and at the (Precourt Institute of Energy Efficiency at Stanford University ) conducting research and policy analysis on efficient energy use in transportation systems. He was co-founder of (EMBARQ ), the World Resources Institute Center for Sustainable Transport, and remained as a senior associate emeritus. Over a highly productive career, he worked at the (Energy and Resources Group at UC Berkeley ), (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab ), the (International Energy Agency ) in Paris, (Shell International ) in London, as well as being Fulbright Scholar at the (Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics ) in Stockholm. He was a guest researcher at the World Bank, VVS Tekniska Foereningen, the OECD, and the (Stockholm Environment Institute ). He worked closely with the Global Business Network and Cambridge Energy Research Associates. Schipper authored more than 100 technical papers and a number of books on energy economics and transportation, including (Energy Efficiency and Human Activity: Past Trends,Future Prospects ) (1992) with Stephen Meyers, Richard Howarth, and Ruth Steiner. He served on the editorial boards of five major journals and was a member of the Swedish Board for Transportation and Communications Research. For four years he was a member of the U.S. National Academy of Science’s (Transportation Research Board )’s Committee on Sustainable Transport and Committee on Developing Countries. He contributed to the Second and Third Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007. He was due to act as (Review Editor ) for the chapter on Transport in Working Group III's contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report, released in April 2014. In Berkeley in the early 1970s, Professor John Holdren, later to become President Obama’s Science Advisor, was the first person to hire Schipper as an energy specialist. He notes that ‘‘Lee was one of the first people to point out that people don’t want to consume energy, but they want to consume energy services, like transportation, comfortable rooms, cold beer and so forth. And that there was an enormous variation in the amount of energy needed to perform those services.’’ Lee's seminal contribution came in 1976,〔(Energy economics' most influential papers ), Energy Economics 28 (2006) 405–409 , retrieved 19 August 2011〕 between the first and second international oil shocks, when he published an influential paper in (Science ) 〔Science 3 December 1976: Vol. 194 no. 4269 pp. 1001-1013, DOI: 10.1126/science.194.4269.1001〕 pointing out that Sweden consumed far less energy per unit of economic activity than the United States did. Lee shifted his primary attention to transport in the 1980s and started the Berkeley Lab’s International Energy Studies group with Jayant Sathaye, and the two co-led the group for many years. Schipper broke new ground by analyzing energy data sector by sector and end-use by end-use in various countries and comparing them. He demonstrated that energy intensity did not correlate with GDP in any simple way and was able to show why. "The work he did has been carried on here. He created an important tradition of understanding energy by studying it from the bottom up, which means by end user," Levine said. "Lee was the founding father of a school of energy analysts, a tradition carried on with vigor in the Energy Analysis Department at LBNL." He was described as being an irrepressible (iconoclast )〔(Leon Schipper, Physicist and Iconoclast, Dies at 64 ), The New York TImes, retrieved 19 August 2011〕 with a wonderful knack of turning a phrase to excellent effect. Evidence for this was publishing 15 letters to the editor in the New York Times on energy efficiency. For example, in his view the ‘‘cash for clunkers" program—which offered rebates to people who bought a new car with better mileage than their old one—did little to save energy, although it may have reduced air pollution. In many cases, buyers used the rebate to buy something bigger and more high-powered than they would have otherwise. ‘‘The effect is inverse of what we were hoping for,’’ he said. Schipper was also an accomplished musician with a B.A. in music from U.C. Berkeley. He was the leader of the University of California Jazz Quintet in 1968.〔Lee Schipper, leader of the University of California Jazz Quintet interview, 27 May 1968: http://research.archives.gov/description/130296〕 As a UC Berkeley student and vibraphonist, he led his jazz group to victory at the Notre Dame Jazz Festival in 1967. In 1969 Danish saxophonist Carsten Meinert invited him to record on his album "C.M. Musictrain" in Denmark (Spectator Records). In 1973 he recorded "The Phunky Physicist" with Swedish guitarplayer Janne Schaffer. He would reprise the role as band leader with an ad hoc jazz group, Lee Schipper and the Mitigators, who performed primarily in conjunction with energy-related conferences. He was also one of the world’s experts on Wilhelm Furtwangler, perhaps the greatest symphonic and operatic conductor of the 20th century, and collected one of the most complete sets of his recordings. ==Publications== * Measuring The Invisible: Quantifying Emissions Reductions From Transport Solutions - Hanoi Case Study, March, 2008 (with: Maria Cordeiro, Robyn Liska, Dr. Tuan Le Anh, Hans Orn, Wei-shiuen NG) WRI 2008, http://www.wri.org/publication/measuring-the-invisible-hanoi * Measuring the Invisible: Quantifying Emissions Reductions from Transport Solutions - Querétaro Case Study, September, 2006 (with: Maria Cordeiro, Diana Noriega) WRI 2006, http://www.wri.org/publication/measuring-the-invisible-queretaro * Growing in the Greenhouse: Protecting the Climate by Putting Development First, December, 2005 (with: Rob Bradley, Jonathan Pershing, Kevin A. Baumert, Navroz K. Dubash, Jose Roberto Moreira, Stanford Mwakasonda, Wei-Shiuen Ng, Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira, Virginia Parente, Harald Winkler) WRI 2005, http://www.wri.org/publication/growing-in-the-greenhouse * Too Expensive to Ignore: The Real Story on Car Fuel Economy and Use, July 2008, EMBARQ 2008, http://www.embarq.org/en/news/08/07/21/too-expensive-ignore-the-real-story-car-fuel-economy-and-use * Transportation in Developing Countries: Greenhouse Gas Scenarios for Delhi, India, May 2001, (with: Ranjan K. Bose, Daniel Sperling, Mark A. Delucchi, K. Nesamani, Lothlorien S. Redmond, Geetam Tiwari) UC Davis ITS, Reference Number: UCD-ITS-RP-01-13, http://pubs.its.ucdavis.edu/publication_detail.php?id=388 * Mind the Gap: The Vicious Circle of Measuring Automobile Fuel Use, December 1993, (with: Maria J. Figueroa, Lynn K. Price, Molly Espey) UC Davis ITS, Reference Number: UCD-ITS-RP-93-27, http://pubs.its.ucdavis.edu/publication_detail.php?id=878 * Environmentally Benign Automobiles, October 1992, (with: Daniel Sperling, Mark A. DeLuchi, Michael Q. Wang) UC Davis ITS, Reference Number: UCD-ITS-RP-92-25, http://pubs.its.ucdavis.edu/publication_detail.php?id=936 * Transport and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Forecasts, Options Analysis, and Evaluation, 2009, Asian Development Bank, http://www.asiandevbank.org/documents/papers/adb-working-paper-series/ADB-WP09-Transport-CO2-Emissions.pdf 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lee Schipper」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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